LDL (low-density lipoprotein) is the main carrier of cholesterol in the blood. When LDL levels rise, excess cholesterol can deposit inside artery walls, forming plaque. Over time, this process narrows arteries — increasing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.
Note: LDL is often elevated silently for years. The best way to catch it early is through routine
lipid panel testing, especially if you have risk factors like diabetes, high blood pressure, or family history of heart disease.
Common causes of high LDL
- Diet high in saturated and trans fats
- Genetic predisposition (familial hypercholesterolemia)
- Obesity or metabolic syndrome
- Diabetes or insulin resistance
- Smoking or alcohol overuse
- Lack of physical activity
- Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
Healthy LDL and lipid balance
- LDL (bad cholesterol): ideally <100 mg/dL
- HDL (good cholesterol): ≥40 mg/dL (men), ≥50 mg/dL (women)
- Triglycerides: <150 mg/dL
- Total cholesterol: <200 mg/dL
Ways to lower LDL
- Limit saturated fats (red meat, butter, full-fat dairy)
- Increase fiber-rich foods (oats, legumes, fruits, vegetables)
- Exercise 150 minutes per week
- Stop smoking and moderate alcohol use
- Discuss statins or other medications if lifestyle changes aren’t enough
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